Odontotermes formosanus 黑翅土白蚁
- 模式产地
- Taiwan: ?
- 分布
- 旧热带界中国台湾、中国、中国澳门、中国香港、日本、缅甸、泰国、越南
名录: 中文(属页) · English · Español
摘要
黑翅土白蚁(Odontotermes formosanus)是白蚁科(TERMITIDAE)大白蚁亚科(Macrotermitinae)土白蚁属(Odontotermes)的一种。本种由 Shiraki 于 1909 年描述,模式产地为 Taiwan: ?。分布记录包括旧热带界中国台湾、中国、中国澳门、中国香港、日本、缅甸、泰国、越南。本站记录本种有 3 个次异名。
词源
属名 Odontotermes:属名由希腊文 odous(齿)与拉丁文 termes(白蚁)组合。
种加词 formosanus:以地名 Formosa(台湾旧称,葡语「美丽岛」)命名
分类位置
- 科:白蚁科 TERMITIDAE —— 本站收录 280 属 2144 种
- 亚科:大白蚁亚科 Macrotermitinae —— 本站收录 12 属 373 种
- 属:土白蚁属 Odontotermes —— 共 198 种
- 本属模式种:Odontotermes vulgaris
分布
- 分布记录:旧热带界中国台湾、中国、中国澳门、中国香港、日本、缅甸、泰国、越南
以上记录沿用原始数据的写法,未做地理编码与译名统一。
次异名
本站记录本种有 3 个次异名(junior synonyms),按原始文献出处列出:
- Odontotermes formosanus Holmgren, 1912: 127-129 —— 模式产地:China: Canton
- Odontotermes (Cyclotermes) sinensis Holmgren, 1913: 115-116 —— 模式产地:Fujian Province: Fuzhou (Foochow)
- Odontotermes qianyangensis Lin, 1981: 426-427 —— 模式产地:Hong Kong
在旧文献、地方名录与数据库检索中,本种可能以上述异名(Odontotermes formosanus、Odontotermes (Cyclotermes) sinensis、Odontotermes qianyangensis 等)出现,本站统一归入 Odontotermes formosanus。
《中国动物志》记载
以下形态与生物学记载摘自《中国动物志》等相关文献,本站仅作结构与标点整理。
形态描述
兵蚁
头暗黄,腹部淡黄至灰白。头部毛被稀疏,胸、腹部的毛较密。头卵圆形,长大于宽,最宽处在头的中后部,前端略狭;额部平坦;后颏短粗,前端狭窄,略突向腹面。上颚镰刀状,左上颚齿在中点之前,齿尖斜向前方,右上颚内缘相当部位有一枚微齿,小而不显著。上唇舌形,前端窄而无透明小块,两侧弧形,后部较宽,沿侧边有一列直立长刚毛,端部约伸达上颚中段,不遮盖颚齿。触角十六至十七节,第二节长约等于第三节与第四节之和,第三节长于或有时短于第四节。前胸背板前部狭窄并向前斜翘,后部较宽,形似元宝,前部与后部在两侧交角处各有一道斜向后方的裂沟,前缘与后缘中央均有明显凹刻。
有翅成虫
头背面与胸、腹背面黑褐,腹面棕黄;上唇前半橙红,后半淡橙,中间一条白色横纹,上唇前缘与侧缘白色透明;翅黑褐。全身毛浓密。头圆形,复眼椭圆形,单眼亦椭圆形,单眼与复眼的距离约等于单眼本身之长。后唇基隆起,长小于宽之半,中央纵缝将其分为左右两半;前唇基与后唇基等长。触角十九节,第二节长于第三、第四或第五节。前胸背板前宽后窄,前缘中央无明显缺刻,后缘中央向前凹入,背板中央有淡色十字形斑,其两侧前方各有一个圆形淡色点。翅长大,前翅鳞略大于后翅鳞;前翅中脉由肘脉分出,末端有许多分支,肘脉有十余分支;后翅中脉由径分脉分出。
工蚁
头黄色,胸、腹灰白。头侧缘与后缘连成圆弧,囟在头顶中央,为小圆形凹坑;后唇基显著隆起,长约等于宽之半,中央有纵缝;触角十七节,第二节长于第三节。头长至上唇端一点七零至一点八一毫米,头宽一点三六至一点四一毫米,前胸背板宽零点七二至零点七七毫米。
若虫
生物学
三月起出现于巢内,四至六月间在巢旁地面筑成圆锥状羽化孔突,傍晚七时前后成群爬出,多在大雨中分飞,一巢可飞出二千至三千头有翅成虫。本种为主要害虫,危害水库堤坝,栖于生有杂草的背水坡坝心,食性很杂,可取食马尾松、侧柏、洋槐、橡胶、榆、桉、栗、杉等的树干与树皮,并危害水稻。
分布与产地
约在北纬三十五度以南广泛分布。国内见于河南洛阳、鸡公山,安徽巢县、芜湖,陕西、甘肃、江苏南京、镇江,浙江杭州、奉化、温州、龙泉,湖北武汉、江陵、宜昌、巴东,湖南东安、衡阳,贵州,四川德昌、西昌、雅安、万县、涪陵,重庆,江西,福建漳浦、厦门、南靖、云霄、平和、漳州、莆田、福州、南平、龙岩、长汀、建瓯、永安,广东广州、顺德、英德、开平、台山、徐闻,广西玉林、宜山、柳州,云南昆明(海拔一千九百米)、屏边大围山(海拔一千五百米)、允景洪、金平,以及台湾、海南、香港;国外见于缅甸与泰国。
分类说明
文献依据:黄复生等(2000)《中国动物志·昆虫纲 第十七卷 等翅目》,科学出版社。 (原书第 263 号条目) 本站引文按原书条目编号标注。
图片 120 张
开放许可照片,点击可放大浏览。图片热链自 iNaturalist / Wikimedia Commons,版权归原作者;每张图下方标注作者、许可协议与原始页面。本页先展示前 6 张,其余见页尾「全部图片」链接。
分布图
按 GBIF 出现记录聚合到 1°×1° 网格;只统计本名录收录的现生类群,化石记录不参与。点的大小与深浅表示该网格内的记录条数。
相关文献
以下为本站缓存的本属相关文献(自动匹配,供参考);查本种请用检索器,会自动合并次异名。
- BIONOMICS OF ODONTOTERMES HAINANENSIS (LIGHT)
摘要
Odontotermes hainanensis (Light) is an important insect pest damaging the dikes of reservoirs in South China. The present paper deals with the morphologies of the castes, behaviour during cultivation of the primary colonies in the laboratory and the activities of dispersal flight, foraging and nest building in the field.
- Termites of the Genus Odontotermes are Optionally Keratophagous
摘要
In this study we tested experimentally whether the consumption of mammalian hooves by termites of the genus Odontotermes is a mere incidental, previously overlooked event, or whether higher termites frequently exploit hooves of ungulates as a supplementary food source. The experiment was conducted in the open woodland savanna region of Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. In total, 88 hooves of wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and zebra (Equus burchelli) – of two age classes – were offered to the termites in the field. After five days, 18.3% of old and 15.0% of fresh wildebeest hooves and 16.7% of old zebra hooves were utilized by termites as a food source. Accordingly, we report here for the first time a systematic, frequent necrophorous foraging behavior of termites in general, which also adds termites to the very short list of potential decomposers of mammalian hooves. Termites of the genus Odontotermes seem not to show a preference for a specific age class of the provided wildebeest hooves. Our results suggest that ungulate hooves represent a spatially and temporarily highly variable, potentially macro- and micronutrient-rich, supplementary food source for higher termites in this savanna ecosystem. Termites of the genus Odontotermes might accordingly be considered as being not only decomposers, but also optional necrophores, i.e. being keratophagous. Members of this genus might play an important role in the decomposition of mammalian hooves in African savannas.
- Xylaria species associated with nests of Odontotermes formosanus in Taiwan
摘要
Nine species of Xylaria were collected in Taiwan from nests of Odontotermes formosanus, the only known macrotermitine termite in Taiwan. These include six newly described species, X. acuminatilongissima, X. atrodivaricata, X. brunneovinosa, X. griseosepiacea, X. intraflava and X. ochraceostroma, and three previously known species, X. cirrata, X. escharoidea and X. nigripes. We obtained cultures and ITS sequences from the nine species found in Taiwan and describe anamorphs for eight of them. Before the current study teleomorphanamorph connections in the Xylaria species associated with termite nests have been established unequivocally in X. escharoidea only. Xylaria angulosa, X. fimbriata, X. kedahae, X. micrura, X. radicans, X. reinkingii and X. tolosa also are considered and annotated because they were reported to grow on ground and likely are associated with termite nests. Epitypifications are made for X. cirrata, X. escharoidea and X. nigripes. Xylaria sanchezii is considered a nomen dubium. Photographs are presented for most of the aforementioned species. A dichotomous key to 25 Xylaria species growing on termite nests or ground also is given.
检索本种文献(含异名)→ OpenAlex Google Scholar 知网
摘要来自开放元数据,版权归原作者/出版方;仅用于检索参考,请以原文为准。
研究记述
以下为据原始文献整理的摘记,不是原文转录;每段末的注释指向 .sources 中的存档记录,完整出处见文末参考文献。
台湾巢内的炭角菌多样性
据摘要,Ju 与 Hsieh(2007)在台湾黑翅土白蚁(Odontotermes formosanus)巢中采集到 9 种炭角菌属(Xylaria)真菌,其中 6 种为新种、3 种为已知种;黑翅土白蚁是台湾已知唯一的大白蚁亚科(Macrotermitinae)种类,作者还给出 25 种生于白蚁巢或地面的炭角菌属(Xylaria)真菌分种检索表。
参考文献
同属其他种(197 种)
- Odontotermes acutidens 尖齿土白蚁
- Odontotermes adampurensis 阿达姆普尔土白蚁
- Odontotermes agilis 快捷土白蚁
- Odontotermes akengeensis 阿肯土白蚁
- Odontotermes amanicus 阿马尼
- Odontotermes amaniensis 阿马尼
- Odontotermes anamallensis 安纳马赖土白蚁
- Odontotermes anceps 裂头土白蚁
- Odontotermes angustatus 细窄土白蚁
- Odontotermes angustignathus 细颚土白蚁
- Odontotermes angustipennis 窄翅土白蚁
- Odontotermes annulicornis 环角土白蚁
- Odontotermes apollo 阿波罗土白蚁
- Odontotermes aquaticus 河边土白蚁
- Odontotermes assmuthi 阿斯穆斯土白蚁
- Odontotermes aurora 黎明土白蚁
- Odontotermes badius 栗色土白蚁
- Odontotermes bellahunisensis 贝拉胡尼斯土白蚁
- Odontotermes bequaerti 贝奎特土白蚁
- Odontotermes bhagwatii 巴格瓦蒂土白蚁
- Odontotermes billitoni 利顿土白蚁
- Odontotermes boetonensis 博顿土白蚁
- Odontotermes bogoriensis 茂物土白蚁
- Odontotermes bomaensis 博马土白蚁
- Odontotermes boranicus 博拉娜土白蚁
- Odontotermes bottegoanus 博泰戈土白蚁
- Odontotermes boveni 博韦土白蚁
- Odontotermes brunneus 棕色土白蚁
- Odontotermes buchholzi 巴克霍尔兹土白蚁
- Odontotermes butteli 巴特土白蚁
- Odontotermes caffrariae 卡夫拉尼亚土白蚁
- Odontotermes capensis 好望角土白蚁
- Odontotermes celebensis 西里伯斯土白蚁
- Odontotermes ceylonicus 锡兰土白蚁
- Odontotermes chicapanensis 希卡帕土白蚁
- Odontotermes classicus 无产土白蚁
- Odontotermes conignathus 锥颚土白蚁
- Odontotermes culturarum 栽培土白蚁
- Odontotermes denticulatus 齿小土白蚁
- Odontotermes diana 黛安娜土白蚁
该属共 197 种,在 土白蚁属 Odontotermes 属页面查看全部物种 →
引用本种
以下引用字符串按本页字段自动生成,引用时请保留 DOI 与版本号;点击「复制」即可粘贴到论文、报告或文献管理器。
GB/T 7714
班奈特格林. 现存等翅下目(白蚁)拉丁学名—中文正名对照名录:Odontotermes formosanus 黑翅土白蚁[EB/OL]. 2026.10.30 版. https://termite-extant-isoptera.org/species/odontotermes-formosanus/. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23646836.
BibTeX
@misc{isoptera_odontotermes_formosanus_2026,
author = {班奈特格林},
title = {Odontotermes formosanus:黑翅土白蚁 · 现存等翅下目(白蚁)拉丁学名—中文正名对照名录},
year = {2026},
version = {2026.10.30},
howpublished = {https://termite-extant-isoptera.org/species/odontotermes-formosanus/},
note = {TERMITIDAE 白蚁科;2026.10.30 版;DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23646836},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23646836}
}
RIS
TY - ELEC TI - Odontotermes formosanus:黑翅土白蚁 · 现存等翅下目(白蚁)拉丁学名—中文正名对照名录 AU - 班奈特格林 PY - 2026 UR - https://termite-extant-isoptera.org/species/odontotermes-formosanus/ DO - 10.5281/zenodo.23646836 ER -